Hoton al’adu · Gabas da Ouaddaï

Maba / Ouaddaï / Masalit

Cibiyar masarautar Ouaddaï, Musulunci, sana’a, Abéché birnin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Yanayi

Bayanan al’umma

Dangin harshe: Nilo-Sahara (Maban)
Yanki / lardi: Ouaddaï, Abéché, Sila; zuwa Sudan
Hanyoyin rayuwa: noma · kiwo · sana’a (Doris Weiss, « Phonologie et morphosyntaxe du maba », thèse, Université Lyon 2, 2009-03-06)
Al’adu da adabin baka: Rawar takobi, waƙoƙin sufi, bukukuwan Sultanate.
Halin yanzu: A shekarar 2019, gabashin ƙasar (Ouaddaï, Sila) ya ga rikicin al’umma mai kisa, galibi tsakanin makiyaya Larabawa da al’ummomin da suka zauna; an ayyana dokar ta-ɓaci a watan Agusta 2019. Tun Afrilu 2023, waɗannan larduna, tare da Wadi Fira da Ennedi ta Gabas, suna karɓar ’yan gudun hijira daga yaƙin Sudan. (International Crisis Group, Rapport Afrique n°284, « Avoiding the Resurgence of Intercommunal Violence in Eastern Chad », 2019-12-30 ; UNHCR, « Chad: Forcibly Displaced Persons » (octobre 2025), 2025-10)
Majiyoyi: Wikipédia, « Masalit » · EDS-MICS 2014-2015 · Majiyoyi
Bita ta ƙarshe: 18 Oktoba, 2026

Kaso (EDS-MICS 2014-2015): 7%
Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi: Maba, Masalit, Mimi, da wasu mutanen Wadai
Al’ada: Alamar ƙidaya: Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi. Tsohon daular Musulunci ta gabas, abokin hamayyar Baguirmi da Bornu. Yin saƙa, banki, malamai, hanyoyi zuwa Sudan.
Abinci / abincin asali: Gishiri mai naman alade, abincin da aka dafa, nama.
Abin tuna: Harsunan maba, masalit, da kuma mimi. An gina manyan gidaje da masallatai da kuma sana'o'in hannu.

Tushen bayanaiHotuna da fasali suna jawo kan kafofin jama'a. Hannun jama'a suna biye da binciken gida na EDS-MICS na 2014-2015, ba ƙididdigar ƙarshe ba (RGPH 2009). Babban hotuna sune har yanzu takardun (Festival Dary, Wiki Loves Folklore, Wiki Love Africa, Wikimedia archives) a karkashin Creative Commons, wanda aka ba da tabbaci ga mai daukar hoto.

Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi

Kowace ƙaramar ƙungiya tana raba muhimman abubuwa tare da manyan mutane, tare da ƙayyadaddun harshe, wuri da al'ada.

Maba
Yanki
Ouaddaï, kewayen Abéché
Harshe ko karin harshe
Maba (bura mabang)
Birane da ƙauyuka
Abéché, Ouara
Mutanen da suka kafa masarautar sultan na Ouaddaï (karni na 17); Ouara babban birni ne kafin Abéché.
Masalit
Yanki
Gabashin Ouaddaï (Adré) da Sila, zuwa Darfur
Harshe ko karin harshe
Masalit (dangin Maban)
Birane da ƙauyuka
Adré
Harshe mai alaƙa da Maba; cibiyar tarihi, masarautar Dar Masalit, tana cikin Sudan (Geneina).

Gadarwa tsakanin tsararraki

Tunawa da masarautar sultan (shugabanni, taken kotu, masallatai na Abéché) da watsa tsarin koyarwar Alkur'ani; a cikin gari, yaren Maba yana rasa ƙasa ga Larabcin Chadian.

Ɗan gajeren gwaji

Zaɓi amsar: gyaran da asalinsa sun bayyana nan da nan.

Tambaya 1 cikin 3

Wanne daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi ne subgroup na Maba / Ouaddaï / Masalit?

MabaZaghawa (Wegi)Moundang na Léré

Majiyoyin wannan sashe

Yadda ake gadar da al’adu · Kayan aiki ga malamai

Hoton zurfi

Fassara daga Faransanci da taimakon na’ura; har yanzu mai magana da harshen bai duba ta ba. Rubutun Faransanci shi ne tushe.

Abin da kundin sani ke cewa

Al'ummar Masalit wata kabila ce da ba ta Larabawa ba wanda yafi a Chadi da Sudan. Yana da hannu a cikin rikici a Darfur. Harshensa, [Masalit, na iyalin Nilo-Saharan ne.

Sashi daga Wikipedia ta Faransanci (CC BY-SA 4.0) : « Masalit » · Labarin da aka ambato yana rufe wani ɓangare na wannan taro. · Sashin da aka fassara, lasisin CC BY-SA 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Bayanin al’ada

Sashe 1 daga 6 an rubuta

Tarihi da tushen asali Gaskiya da aka rubuta
Harshe da yaruka A rubuta
Tsarin zamantakewa A rubuta
Imani da ayyukan addini A rubuta
Zagayowar rayuwa (haihuwa, shiga, aure, jana’iza) A rubuta
Mazauna, sana’a da ado A rubuta

Gaskiyar da aka rubuta: an dogara da wata majiya ta rubutu da aka wallafa, wadda aka ambata a ƙarƙashin sashen. Labarin baka da aka ruwaito: shaidar da aka karɓa daga wani mutum na al’ummar, an wallafa ta da izininsa, ba a tabbatar da ita a rubuce ba. Sassan da babu komai suna nan haka maimakon a cika su.

Tarihi da tushen asali

Gaskiya da aka rubuta

An kafa Sultanate na Ouaddai a karni na goma sha bakwai da Abd al-Karim (al'ada a kusa da 1635), wanda ya kafa babban birninsa a Ouara; farfajiyar ta zauna a [P33] a karni na 19.